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Model Context Protocol (MCP)

The open protocol that connects AI applications to tools and data: how it is built, how to implement it and how to test it.

14 articles in reading order

  1. What is MCP (Model Context Protocol)MCP is an open protocol that connects AI applications to tools and data. Architecture, primitives, transports, the 2026-07-28 specification and security.15 min read
  2. Tools in MCPAn MCP tool is a function a server exposes for a model to call. Definition fields, tools/list and tools/call, results, errors, names and x-mcp-header.15 min read
  3. Resources and resource templates in MCPAn MCP resource is data a server exposes by URI as context. URI schemes, resources/list and resources/read, templates, contents, annotations and subscriptions.13 min read
  4. Prompts in MCPAn MCP prompt is a message template a server offers and the user invokes. prompts/list and prompts/get, arguments, completion, content types, comparison.13 min read
  5. MCP transports: stdio and Streamable HTTPAn MCP transport defines how JSON-RPC messages are framed and delivered. stdio, Streamable HTTP, headers, status codes, history and backward compatibility.15 min read
  6. Stateless MCP: changes in 2026-07-28Stateless MCP is the request model of the 2026-07-28 specification: per-request _meta, server/discover, MRTR, state handles, caching and migration.14 min read
  7. Authorization in MCPAuthorization in MCP is an OAuth 2.1 based flow for HTTP servers: bearer tokens, resource metadata, client registration, scopes and issuer checks.14 min read
  8. MCP securityMCP security covers the risks of connecting AI applications to MCP servers: tool poisoning, confused deputy, token passthrough, SSRF, local servers, CVEs.14 min read
  9. MCP extensionsMCP extensions are optional features outside the core protocol: identifiers, negotiation, lifecycle, Tasks, MCP Apps, Enterprise-Managed Authorization, Skills.15 min read
  10. MCP server over an existing APIAn MCP server over an existing API adapts it for a model: choice of tools, descriptions, parameters, response size, errors, authorization and state.14 min read
  11. Testing MCP servers: the basicsHow to test an MCP server: test levels, protocol conformance, MCP Inspector and the conformance suite, security checks and evaluation with models.11 min read
  12. Evaluating an MCP server with modelsEvaluation of an MCP server: tasks with verifiable outcomes, repeated trials, pass@k and pass^k, metrics, the model and host matrix, transcript analysis.14 min read
  13. Regression testing of an MCP serverRegression testing of an MCP server: snapshots of tools/list, breaking changes, protocol version support, model behavior after description edits, CI.15 min read
  14. Publishing an MCP server to the MCP RegistryThe MCP Registry is the official catalog of MCP server metadata. The server.json format, namespaces, ownership checks, mcp-publisher, versions, subregistries.14 min read